林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的熨平效应分析——以我国黑龙江省为例

文中利用HP滤波法对林业产出、林业资本、林业劳动、林业产业结构升级以及林业生态政策进行趋势成分剥离，从而得到相应的波动指标；在此基础上构建时变参数状态空间模型分析林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的影响，并以我国黑龙江省为例进行实证分析。结果表明:黑龙江省林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动具有明显的熨平效应，但是随着时间的推移这种熨平效应愈加平稳。     

Relationships of Spectral Reflectance with Plant Tissue Mineral Elements of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Under Drought and Salinity Stresses

ABSTRACT

Salinity and drought stresses are critical for Phaseolus vulgaris L. growth and development. They affect plants in various ways, including tissue mineral element content. Micro- and macro-elements in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. ‘Blue lake’ and cv. ‘Terli’) subjected to deficit irrigation and salinity treatments were investigated, both analytically and with regards to their effect on the leaves’ spectral reflectance. B (boron), K (potassium), Mn (manganese), Na (sodium), Si (silicon) and Zn (zinc) appeared to be influenced by stress factors, mainly responding to salinity increase. The leaf spectral reflectance of the plants appeared to be significantly correlated with most of the elements under investigation. Multivariate regression identified a relationship of the reflectance at particular regions of the spectrum with phosphorus and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and indicated a significant correlation with B, Fe (iron), K, Mn, P (phosphorus) and Zn. Moreover, customized spectral indices, exhibiting significantly high correlation with B, Fe, K, Mg (magnesium), Mn, Na, P, Zn and N (nitrogen), were developed.     

发展绿色生态农业推进农业产业化结构调整

现今绿色生态农业受到了更多的关注，其在实际中可以有效的提升农产品的安全，并保证在 农业发展中的生态效益。而农业产业化是现代农业发展的主要方向之一，其在实际中以市场为导向 来对产业结构进行调整，从而在农业产业中可以建立起一体化的经营体系。为此可以结合绿色生态 农业所具备的发展优势来推动农业产业化结构的调整，促使其形成一条绿色、健康、完善农业产业结 构，实现进一步提升农业产业效益的目的。     

FT-Raman and FT-IR studies of the gluten structure as a result of model dough supplementation with chosen oil pomaces

The pomaces obtained after cold pressing oil production from oil seeds can be regarded as a source of many valuable nutrients such as unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibre and antioxidants. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of five oil pomaces from black seed, hemp, pumpkin, milk thistle and primrose on the structure of gluten proteins. The model dough was supplemented with 3%, 6%, and 9% of the pomaces. Structural changes in gluten proteins were studied using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Additionally, chemical composition of the pomaces was determined. Changes observed in the gluten structure resulting from the model dough supplementation with oil pomaces allow the pomace to be divided into two groups depending on the type and amount of fatty acids present in the pomaces. If the pomace contains a low number of fatty acids (black seed and pumpkin), pseudo-β-sheets are formed from β-turns and antiparallel-β-sheets in the gluten network. If the pomace contains a high number of fatty acids, non-aggregated β-structures are observed. Although the pomaces contain considerable amount of dietary fibre and polyphenols, comparison of the observed structural changes in gluten network with pomaces’ chemical composition indicates that the changes are connected with presence of fatty acids.     

Characteristics of grain quality and starch fine structure of japonica rice kernels following preharvest sprouting

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most serious defects that impacts rice production and grain quality. Knowledge about the effects of PHS on the eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of milled rice is limited. Here, we selected four japonica rice varieties to study the influences of PHS on grain quality. The results showed that PHS strongly led to poor grain appearance and the development of small starch granules whose surfaces were eroded. Analysis of starch fine structure revealed that PHS resulted in amylose (AM) degradation; in particular, PHS caused a decrease in the content of long AM chains. Moreover, PHS led to a decrease in the content of short amylopectin (AP) chains in the varieties Yandao 815 (YD815), Wuyugeng 27 (WY27) and Yangeng 13 (YG13), while the variety Sidao 785 (SD785) displayed the opposite trend. We propose that the main reasons for the decrease in starch crystallinity and the pasting profiles of the germinated rice were due to both the tendency of the AM content to decrease and the degree of this decrease in the content of the different AM chains along with changes in AP and other major components. All these changes caused by PHS led to a decrease in both ECQ and palatability of milled rice.     

Using vibrational molecular spectroscopy to detect moist heating induced carbohydrates structure changes in cool-climate adapted barley grain

There is limited research to study how moist heating affects internal structure of barley grain on a molecular basis. The objectives of this study were to use vibrational molecular spectroscopy: 1) to determine the moist heating induced changes of barley carbohydrate (CHO) structure on a molecular basis, 2) to study the effects of moist heating on CHO chemical profiles, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) subfractions, in situ rumen degradation, and predicted intestinal carbohydrate supply of barley grain; and 3) to reveal the association between molecular structure spectral features and CHO related metabolic characteristics. Barley samples (CDC cowboy) were collected from Kernen Crop Research Farm (Saskatoon, Canada) during two consecutive years. Half of each sample was kept as raw barley and the other half underwent moist heating (autoclaving at 120 °C for 60 min). The molecular spectroscopy (attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared, ATR-FTIR) was used to detect the barley CHO related molecular structure spectral features. Moist heating did not affect carbohydrate related chemical profiles and CNCPS subfractions but it decreased rumen degradable carbohydrate. Rumen undegradable and intestinal digestion of CHO subfractions were not affected by moist heating. The advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy can be used to detect carbohydrate molecular spectral features. Nutrient utilization prediction using molecular spectral characteristics is warranted and further investigation is encouraged.     

椰子组培研究四十年

组织培养对于椰子快速繁殖以及全球椰子产业发展具有重要意义。本文就40年来国内外在椰子组培快繁技术,包括椰子组培技术的重要性,不同外植体如胚芽、花序、子房等在组织培养中的应用与优劣,不同培养基和培育环境对组培效果的影响等要素,进行了详细的总结和讨论。同时总结了椰子组培快繁技术的进展,分析了目前限制椰子组培快繁技术发展的因素,提出了应对策略与具体建议。本文对椰子快繁技术及椰子种质资源保存具有参考价值。     

间作木薯对橡胶树根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响

研究间作木薯对橡胶树根际土壤真菌群落多样性变化规律,为判断胶园间作木薯的可行性提供理论支撑。以橡胶与木薯间作为处理,橡胶单作为对照,采用传统方法和高通量测序技术分析橡胶树根际土壤理化性状及真菌群落结构。结果表明：（1）间作模式下橡胶树根际土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量和真菌Shannon指数显著降低,真菌Simpson指数显著提高,pH和Chao1指数虽有降低,但差异未达到显著水平;（2）门分类水平上,2个处理的橡胶树根际土壤真菌群落结构组成相近,共有的3大优势菌门均为Ascomycota、Zygomycota和Basidiomycota。间作木薯降低了橡胶树根际土壤中Zygomycota和Basidiomycota的相对丰度,但提高了Ascomycota相对丰度,达到91.54%;（3）属分类水平上,2个处理中相对丰度比例前10的优势菌属占所有检测出菌属的61.30%~65.59%,间作木薯提高了橡胶根际土壤中Phyllosticta、Gibberella和Lecythophora的相对丰度;（4）土壤碱解N、速效P和速效K含量对橡胶树根际土壤中真菌群落α-多样性产生影响,土壤真菌多样性变化与土壤有机质含量有关。因此,间作木薯增加了植物对土壤矿质营养元素的吸收,导致橡胶树根际土壤肥力下降,进一步降低了橡胶树根际土壤真菌的群落多样性,同时增加了病原真菌的丰度。     

番茄/茄子嫁接对其根际土壤生物学性状及细菌群落结构的影响

以茄子作为砧木，番茄为接穗进行嫁接，并以番茄自根植株和茄子自根植株作为对照，基于传统及现代高通量测序技术分析根际土壤的生物学性状及细菌群落结构特征，旨在揭示嫁接植株抗性增强的机制。结果表明：番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌数量，微生物生物量、酶活性和细菌丰富度、多样性指数均显著高于茄子和番茄自根植株；另一方面，norank_c_Acidobacteria、硝化螺菌属（Nitrospira）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae、norank_o_Gaiellales、norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae、norank_o_SC-I-84、norank_f_Anaerolineaceae、norank_f_Nitrosomonadaceae、鞘脂单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）细菌是嫁接植株与茄子、番茄自根植株根际土壤中的共有优势细菌属；g_unclassified_o_Ignavibacteriales 、 醋酸杆菌属（ g_Acetobacter ）、g_norank_f_Longimicrobiaceae 、g_unclassified_f_Verrucomicrobiaceae、g_norank_p_FBP、g_norank_p_Aminicenantes 属细菌是嫁接植株根际土壤的特有优势细菌属。与自根植株相比，番茄/茄子嫁接植株根际土壤存在更高可培养微生物数量，微生物生物量和相关酶活性，具有更高的土壤养分有效性，同时拥有不同占比的共有优势细菌门属，尤其拥有更为丰富的微生物可操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units，OTU）和特有 OTU 数量，这是嫁接植株抗性增强的主要原因。     

中国板栗238份品种（系）叶片形态、解剖结构及其抗旱性评价

采用多功能图像分析法、冷冻切片法和指甲油印记法，对238份板栗品种（系）叶片的形态、解剖结构及气孔特征进行了观察测量，运用变异系数、主成分分析对33项指标进行了筛选，后运用隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：（1）238份板栗品种（系）33项指标中除上表皮角质层厚度、上表皮细胞宽度、第一层栅栏组织细胞密度、第一层栅栏组织细胞宽、下表皮细胞宽度和下表皮角质层厚等6项指标的变异系数小于10%，各品种系（间）差异较小外，其余27项指标的变异系数均大于10%，在各品种（系）间差异较大；经主成分分析从27项指标中筛选出10项作为238份板栗品种（系）抗旱性综合评价的典型指标。（2）利用隶属函数分析将238份品种（系）划分为4类：第Ⅰ类包括31个品种（系），平均隶属值为0.60 ~ 0.80，抗旱性极强；第Ⅱ类包括48个品种（系），平均隶属值为0.50 ~ 0.59，抗旱性强；第Ⅲ类包括84个品种（系），平均隶属值为0.30 ~ 0.49，抗旱性中；第Ⅳ类包括75个品种（系），平均隶属值为0.20 ~ 0.29，抗旱性弱。